Quand le Net devient un terrain de chasse
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Selon un rapport de Child Helpline International (CHI), 76% des enfants possédant un smartphone ou une tablette et un accès à internet utilisent les réseaux sociaux pour discuter avec de nouveaux «amis». Des «amis» qui peuvent se retourner en pédophiles et agresseurs. Etude. Le harcèlement sur internet, l’extorsion sexuelle et le repérage en ligne. Ce sont les trois dangers les plus probables que courent nos enfants connectés. Un constat fait par le rapport international sur l’exploitation et les abus sexuels en ligne des enfants, établi par Child Helpline International (CHI), l’une des plus grandes organisations d’impact collectif au niveau international. Elle représente un réseau de 183 lignes d’assistance indépendantes pour écouter et aider les enfants et les jeunes dans 142 pays. Ce réseau influence la politique de la protection de l’enfance à travers le monde et collabore avec de nombreuses organisations internationales et régionales pour améliorer les conditions de vie des enfants. Selon le rapport de la CHI, les trois cas les plus rencontrés à travers le monde sont le harcèlement et le repérage en ligne ainsi que l’utilisation des enfants comme un matériel de harcèlement sexuel, ou online grooming, ou ce qu’on appelle le «toilettage» en ligne, un endroit où un prédateur sexuel adulte tente de diminuer les inhibitions d’un jeune ou d’accroître sa curiosité à l’égard du sexe. Dans la région MENA, les lignes d’assistance et d’écoute aux enfants identifient la cyberintimidation, le harcèlement sexuel en ligne, le repérage, «le toilettage» et l’extorsion sexuelle comme principaux problèmes à traiter dans la protection en ligne des enfants. Pour ce qui est de l’Algérie, se référent aux données de la ligne d’assistance «Je t’écoute» du réseau algérien pour la protection et la défense des droits de l’enfants Nada, les parents et proches contactent le numéro vert pour de multiples raisons. A savoir : l’exploitation sexuelle de l’enfant, le harcèlement en ligne, l’extorsion sexuelle, le «toilettage» et le repérage en ligne. Sensibilisation Un rapport assez lourd si on compte le nombre d’enfants à avoir un smartphone et un accès à internet. L’étude de la CHI affirme que 32,94% de la population ont moins de 17 ans, 37,3% ont accès à internet. En 2014, une étude menée par la CHI et ses partenaires sur 3560 enfants et leurs parents en Algérie, Egypte, Irak et Arabie Saoudite ont révélé qu’en Algérie, 70% des enfants possèdent un téléphone mobile, 19% sont les smartphones, 89% de ces enfants utilisent leur téléphone pour avoir accès à internet. Cependant, 20% des enfants interrogés possèdent une tablette, 76% utilisent des réseaux sociaux pour communiquer avec de nouveaux «amis» en ligne et 47% des parents ont exprimé des préoccupations à propos de la vie privée de leurs enfants, lors de l’utilisation des téléphones portables. Par ailleurs, d’après le même rapport, si le problème du harcèlement et de l’exploitation sexuelle en ligne, c’est à cause du manque de sensibilisation de l’enfant sur la question, le manque de ressources dédiés et de personnel formé dans ce sens, l’inexistence des bases de données et enfin le faible partenariat avec les forces de l’ordre qui détiennent souvent l’exclusif droit à l’étude et l’enquête sur les cas de harcèlement. En effet, les lignes d’assistance et d’écoute aux enfants ne disposent souvent pas d’une hotline à laquelle ils peuvent se référer dans leur études et actions. En Algérie, les rapports sont généralement transmis aux unités de police ou aux partenaires de référence tels que l’unité de protection de l’enfance de la police, gendarmerie et organisations membres pour les actions de suivi.
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