Affaire Maurice Audin : Le moment de vérité historique
El Watan
L’affaire Maurice Audin est celle de ce mathématicien algérien, d’origine européenne, arrêté par l’armée française le 11 juin 1957. Il sera torturé puis assassiné au motif de son engagement politique pour l’indépendance de l’Algérie. 61 ans après, la France est interpellée pour reconnaître ce crime d’Etat. Six décennies sont passées depuis le 11 juin 1957, date fatidique pour le militant indépendantiste algérien Maurice Audin, arrêté, torturé et exécuté par l’armée coloniale. Le 11 juin 2018, l’espoir pour que la France reconnaisse sa responsabilité dans ce crime d’Etat et le condamne officiellement n’est pas encore perdu. Bien au contraire. Cela donne la force à son épouse Josette, à ses enfants (Michèle, Louis et Pierre) et à tous ceux qui luttent encore, de Paris à Alger, pour faire triompher la justice et la vérité dans cette affaire. Celle-ci a retrouvé un nouveau souffle depuis mai 2017, avec l’élection d’Emmanuel Macron. Selon des confidences rapportées plusieurs fois par des médias, notamment entre janvier et février 2018, le nouveau locataire de l’Elysée serait «convaincu, à titre personnel, qu’Audin a été assassiné par l’armée française» et aurait ordonné à ce que toutes les archives concernées soient ouvertes et traitées afin de rassembler des preuves suffisantes sur le déroulement des faits. Cité par l’AFP le 13 février, il a indiqué que ce n’est «pas raisonnable de reconnaître un crime d’Etat sans en avoir les preuves». Entre temps, L’Humanité (14 février) donne la parole à un témoin anonyme, un ancien appelé qui pense avoir «enterré le corps de Maurice Audin» en Algérie. Ensuite, le 29 mai, le quotidien communiste lance un appel, «Pour la reconnaissance de la responsabilité de l’État français dans la mort de Maurice Audin», publié sous forme de lettre ouverte adressée au président Macron. On peut y lire : «Vous avez promis ‘des actes forts sur cette période de l’histoire’ [la guerre d’Algérie]. La reconnaissance des sévices subis par Maurice Audin, puis de son assassinat par l’armée française serait cet acte fort. Le moment est venu. Pour sa famille d’abord, qui l’attend depuis plus de soixante ans, mais aussi pour les milliers d’Algériens ‘disparus’ comme Maurice Audin de l’autre côté de la Méditerranée.» Ce document est porteur d’un nouvel espoir à l’occasion du 61e anniversaire de la disparition du martyr Maurice Audin, d’autant plus qu’il est cosigné par de nombreuses personnalités proches du président français. Cas emblématique Entre autres, il y a l’historien Benjamin Stora, qui le conseille à propos des relations avec l’Algérie, et le mathématicien Cédric Villani, son ami et député de la République en marche (LREM). C’est ce dernier qui a parlé le premier, en janvier 2018, de l’«intime conviction» de Macron. On peut donc imaginer qu’ils lui conseilleront de franchir le pas vers la reconnaissance officielle du crime d’Etat. Pour ce faire, il faut «un peu de courage», concède Michèle Audin, auteure du livre Une vie brève (2013) consacré à son père. Elle considère que le président français se doit de satisfaire enfin les attentes de tous ceux, en Algérie et en France, qui «attendent que la République prenne des positions honnêtes et courageuses sur le rôle de la France pendant la guerre d’Algérie». Ce qui permettra, selon Claire Hocquet, avocate de la famille Audin, que «les derniers témoins en vie se sentent enfin autorisés à témoigner et à dévoiler les archives privées qu’ils peuvent détenir afin que puissent être levées les dernières interrogations sur les circonstances exactes de cet assassinat». Ce serait ainsi un grand moment de vérité historique, qui fera entrer la réconciliation entre les Etats et peuples algérien et français dans une nouvelle étape puisque Maurice Audin est un cas emblématique de ce qu’ont vécu des milliers d’Algériens entre 1954 et 1962. Nils Andersson, militant anticolonialiste suisse et grand ami de la Révolution algérienne, explique que la question principale posée dans ce débat, depuis au moins la parution du livre L’Affaire Audin (1958) de l’historien Pierre Vidal-Naquet, c’est justement celle de «reconnaître la vérité historique. C’est-à-dire la capitulation du pouvoir civil devant le pouvoir militaire et le recours par l’armée à la torture comme moyen et méthode de guerre, en application du concept de ‘guerre contre insurrectionnelle’ théorisé par le colonel Lacheroy». Une décision politique Effectivement, à partir du 7 janvier 1957, les pouvoirs de police sont transmis à l’armée sur ordre de Robert Lacoste, alors gouverneur général et ministre d’Algérie. En se référant aux pouvoirs spéciaux, adoptés en mars 1956 par l’Assemblée nationale française, Lacoste délègue les pleins pouvoirs au général Jacques Massu, commandant de la 10e division parachutiste, pour mener la Bataille d’Alger (janvier-octobre 1957). C’est dans ce contexte que Maurice Audin a disparu. Or, à cause des lois d’amnistie qui concernent les infractions et les crimes commis en Algérie entre le 1er novembre 1954 et le 3 juillet 1962 dans le cadre des opérations militaires et de police (décrets du 22 mars 1962 et du 18 juin 1966), maître Hocquet affirme qu’«il n’y aura jamais de procès sur l’assassinant de Maurice Audin». D’ailleurs, l’affaire est définitivement enterrée sur le plan judiciaire depuis décembre 1966. Donc, pour rétablir la justice, il ne reste qu’à attendre une décision politique forte de l’actuel détenteur de ce pouvoir, en l’occurrence Emmanuel Macron. C’est pourquoi Josette Audin lui rappelle, à la moindre occasion qui lui est donnée, non seulement ses engagements de candidat, mais aussi les valeurs que la France est censée défendre en tant que pays des libertés et des droits de l’homme ; valeurs qui vont évidemment à l’opposé des disparitions forcées, des exécutions sommaires et de la torture, qu’on soit dans un contexte de paix ou en période de guerre. C’est, en effet, le principe même d’une République. Wait and see !
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