Matoub Lounès, le «philosophe existentialiste»
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Il y a 20 ans était assassiné, par des rafales de kalachnikov, le chanteur engagé Matoub Lounès, sur la route de Tala Bunan. Le département de culture et de langue amazighe de l’université Abderahmane Mira de Béjaïa commémore le souvenir de sa tragique disparition de manière à valoriser le génie poétique du Rebelle, en mettant la lumière sur son œuvre. La parole est donnée à des scientifiques qui se penchent sur le legs poétique matoubien, profond et distingué. Pendant trois jours, du 19 au 21 juin, au campus de Aboudaou, une soixantaine de communicants décortiquent, dans une approche scientifique, l’œuvre du Rebelle. «L’impact social de l’œuvre chantée de Matoub est aujourd’hui retentissant, en particulier auprès des jeunes Kabyles et Maghrébins, ceux du pays et ceux de la diaspora, qui ne l’ont pourtant jamais connu ni vu chanter sur scène», précisent, dans l’argumentaire du colloque, les organisateurs de cette manifestation qui prend une dimension internationale par l’implication de chercheurs venus d’Agadir (Maroc), d’Ottawa (Canada) et de France. Outre les départements de culture et de langue amazighe de Béjaïa, Tizi Ouzou, Bouira et Batna, la liste des intervenants comprend des enseignants des universités de Blida, Tindouf et Mila. Déclinées dans les trois langues (tamazigh, arabe et français), les communications portent sur la biographie et l’œuvre de Matoub Lounès en tant que poète-interprète, dont le militantisme a déteint incontestablement sur son œuvre, ce qui lui a coûté sa vie. C’est cette œuvre engagée sur laquelle s’est penché le professeur Ahmed Boualili dans une étude stylistique et une critique idéologique qui l’ont amené à faire ressortir les «principales philosophies» qui se dégagent des textes de l’auteur d’Aghuru. Le professeur Boualili s’est intéressé à la «philosophie politique» du chanteur ainsi qu’à sa «philosophie esthétique». «On a tendance à penser que ce qui oppose Lounis Aït Menguellet et Matoub Lounès tient au fait que le premier privilégie la sagesse, alors que le second est plutôt un homme d’action, meneur de troupes et démagogue dans son sens premier. D’ailleurs, on est enclin à qualifier le premier de philosophe et le second de casse-cou. Pourtant, l’oreille initiée peut déceler dans l’œuvre poétique de Matoub Lounès beaucoup de sagesse philosophique, qu’on m’excuse la tautologie», remarque le Pr Boualili, qui distingue trois fonctions dans la poésie de Matoub : religieuse, politique et technique. La dénonciation des dérives du pouvoir dans notamment les chansons Tabrats i lhukam (Lettre aux gouvernants), Monsieur le président et bien d’autres, remplit pleinement la fonction politique en empruntant à Bakounine le principe que l’«Etat est incompatible avec la liberté humaine» et que le même Etat «est un danger liberticide». Matoub s’oppose ainsi à la conception de Hobbes pour qui «la liberté doit être aliénée à l’Etat», il est donc «partisan d’une société sans Etat» et de la «promotion des particularités régionales et la reconstitution des communautés». «Pour Matoub, la Kabylie est l’exemple même d’une communauté forte capable de faire avancer l’Algérie», observe Ahmed Boualili. L’universitaire déduit aussi que, pour le Rebelle, «la religion est dangereuse, notamment dans son versant dogmatique» et qu’à ce propos, «dans la chanson Hymne à Boudiaf, il dénonce le courant obscurantiste qui va mener l’Algérie au chaos». La liberté aussi est un thème majeur dans la poésie du chanteur, en tant que «droit inaliénable», un droit qui s’arrache. Le professeur Boualili considère que Matoub rejoint en cela «la conception des philosophes du contrat social» à l’exemple de Rousseau. «Matoub est un homme d’action, pragmatique, humaniste, accepte l’autre, est de toute les luttes, s’oppose à la religion, à l’hégémonie de l’Etat, aux calculs politiques manipulateurs, à l’oppression au nom d’un dogme ou d’une langue, à l’essentialisme à la prédestinée humaine…» En un mot, Matoub Lounès est un «philosophe existentialiste», conclut le Pr Boualili. L’œuvre et le combat de Matoub Lounès dépassent les frontières nationales et forcent le respect de nos voisins rifains du Maroc. Abdelmoutaleb Zizaoui, d’Agadir, a pris connaissance des chansons de Matoub deux ans après sa mort. Hier, il a communiqué sur les thématiques de l’ironie du sort et de l’éveil identitaire dans l’œuvre du Rebelle et leur trouve des échos dans la chanson engagée rifaine. Pour Djamel Chikh, de l’université d’Ottawa, «dans l’imaginaire militant amazigh, Matoub joue le rôle de leader d’opinion dont le verbe est écouté et le message suivi». Matoub Lounès est vu comme «un personnage-repère dans l’imaginaire social militant dont le rôle sociopolitique est cardinal», ce qui le distingue des autres interprètes engagés de son temps et des temps anciens.
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